Krishna Ashrith

A stochastic modeling is a tool which allows randomness within it's system. A  Markov chain  is a mathematical system that experiences transitions from one state to another. T he probability of transitioning to any particular state is dependent solely on the current state and time elapsed. A Markov chain is a stochastic process, but it differs from a general stochastic process in that a Markov chain must be "memory-less." That is, (the probability of) future actions are not dependent upon the steps that led up to the present state. This is called the Markov property. The initial probabilities for the creation of transition matrix are obtained based on the historical data with sequence(transitions and not the pure data). Since, is a stochastic process - the change/transition is a core assumption. Since, the process is dependent on the current state, the initial vector for N=N*A => N=N. Here, A is considered to be 1, in other words at the time of start the information p...

Unlike the shares of a public/private company, partner’s share in the firm cannot be transferred.  Why? The provisions of section 29 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 and section 42 of the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 permit a partner to transfer its right to share profit/loss and to receive distribution from the firm.  However, such rights do not result in the assignee becoming a partner in the firm/ LLP and also does not entitle the assignee to participate in the management or conduct of various activities of the firm.  Since the intention is to acquire business, the acquirer would seek to participate in the management and such transfer of interest in sharing profit/loss etc. may not be relevant where the intention is transfer of ownership.  However, you can do it in another way! Hence, to obtain management control, the acquirer should become a partner in the Firm and the transferor/s should retire from the Firm.

 The GST Tax exemption is available for the transactions involved in the transfer of business undertaking as a whole, wherein all the assets and liabilities of the company are transferred by the target company to the acquirer. In the case, where any particular liability or asset not part of the transferred business/group of assets challenges the provision of exemption mentioned above. However, rationale logic can't be given for the same in the act, if any can be easily become another provision have to face the continuous loss of purpose by the parties in the transaction. Hence, this gives raise to the uncertainty in the Mergers and Acquisitions transactions. As due to the above, it is ordinarily suggested to get AAR before the transaction being entered into. Rationale: Question raised on whether the supply is of goods or services or not? Why? To resolve Sec.7 - Scope of Supply In Sri Ram Sahai vs. Commissioner of Sales Tax [(1963) 14 STC 275 (All)] held that ‘business’ is admitte...

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued various guidelines and regulations for the operation of buy now pay later (BNPL) providers in India. Specific measures that the RBI has taken to regulate the BNPL industry include: Issuing guidelines on the operation of BNPL schemes: The RBI has issued guidelines on the operation of BNPL schemes, which outline the requirements that BNPL providers must follow in order to offer their services to consumers. These guidelines cover areas such as customer onboarding, credit risk assessment, and pricing of BNPL products. Requiring BNPL providers to obtain authorization: BNPL providers in India are required to obtain authorization from the RBI in order to operate. This process involves submitting an application to the RBI, which is then reviewed and approved or rejected based on the RBI's evaluation of the provider's financial stability, business model, and other factors. Supervising BNPL providers: The RBI monitors the activities of BNPL prov...

No, that’s not true - here are a few takeaways you probably missed - ONDC is not a government regulatory, yet it is a Sec. 8 Company (Not for Profit) registered under the Companies Act. - It is not a platform or intermediary, but it is an open network - Which decentralizes data collection and improves interoperability across platforms. (In other words, It is not a Super Aggregator but more of a medium of communication.) - The data collection and processing controlled by the specific platform will now be done with better transparency and fairness. - The reputation ledgers and redressal mechanism for Sellers and Buyers provide a level playing field for both in tackling the issues that are bleeding the stakeholders.  - The network aims to propel growth based on location-based and hyperlocal vendor connectivity.

When Nehru standing on dais of then Constituent Assembly , shouted out loud "Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom...." Our Pre-Independence India, which is on the verge of losing it's soul altogether and actively seeking for the basics of being a nation completely ignored the aspects of National Identity, Decoloniality. The wrath of continuous colonization by Mughals followed by British and other European Nations had deep impact in the minds of the then leaders, who couldn't imagine anything beyond freedom and democracy. This dented the image of a generation, and watered down pride of its citizens to just being peace spreaders, the erstwhile Governments have legitimately tried to control the narrative of India being a peace nation for 10,000 years (Just an ...

So fancy it sounds and it is... Our computers work on the basis of Binary Number. Every item, character or image is a combination of 0 and 1. Every process here is defined by the passing the current through the combinations through the transistors which represent 0 and 1.  Quantum computers, they don't work on the basis of 0 and 1 or follow the physics of the real world. The Quantum realm will play it's role through it's work. Every thing here is defined on the basis of a super position and every time, we try to the get the things there is a level of  uncertain., Quantum Computers will make it to its advantage and wins over certainty through being uncertain. There the odds are not same here, it's tilted by 100% towards uncertainty on every iteration. Here in quantum computers there are microlevel computations called Qubits, these qubits have the inherent nature of randomness which the expected applications are made to benefit from. They have a combination of 0 and 1  ba...